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High yield with efficient nutrient use: Opportunities and challenges for wheat.

Ning Huang1,2, Haiyan Dang1,2, Wenyan Mu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Iscience
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Summary

Improving wheat production requires increasing grain number and harvest index while optimizing nutrient use. This research offers strategies for higher yield, better nutritional quality, and enhanced nutrient efficiency in wheat.

Keywords:
Computational molecular modelingPlant developmentPlant nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Agronomy
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Understanding wheat yield formation and nutrient use is crucial for effective breeding and management strategies.
  • Current high-yield wheat production in China often results in high grain nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) but low zinc (Zn) concentration, coupled with low nitrogen (N) use efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential for enhancing yield, nutritional quality, and nutrient use efficiency in Chinese wheat production.
  • To provide data-driven strategies for achieving these improvements by 2035.

Main Methods:

  • Combined data from 76 field trials with existing literature.
  • Utilized scenario analysis to model future production potentials.
  • Analyzed key agronomic traits and nutrient concentrations.

Main Results:

  • A 10% increase in grain yield by 2035 necessitates increasing grain number per spike and harvest index, while reducing spike number.
  • Simultaneously, enhancing grain N, Fe, Zn, and S concentrations is required.
  • Improvements in nutrient removal efficiency and fertilizer efficiency for N, P, and K are critical for sustainable high yield.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving high yield, superior nutritional quality, and efficient nutrient utilization in wheat is attainable through integrated strategies.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for wheat production in China and globally.