Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background Several primary studies have looked at the burden of chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients, but their results have shown significant variance in India. In order to determine the combined prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors among patients with diabetes, this study used a combination of methods. Methods Over the course of two years, a cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in the Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital's Department of General Medicine including all chronic kidney disease patients of 18 years of age and above of either gender. People not suffering from the disease were chosen as controls. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-ELISA (NGAL-ELISA) sample analysis by the kit method was done. The study was carried out in accordance with Schedule Y, ICH GCP principles, and the Helsinki Declaration after receiving approval from the institutional ethics committee. Results In our study, the urinary mean KIM-1 was 49.75±4.35 μg/g Cr in the Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu) group and 1.43±0.15 μg/g Cr in the controls group. The mean NGAL levels of the CKDu Group and the controls group were 8.94±1.31 μg/g and 0.41±0.05 μg/g, respectively. In CKDu and the controls group, the mean eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²) was 69.83±7.91 and 108±3.7, respectively. The mean serum creatinine (mg/dL) was reported 3.79 in the CKDu group and 1.0 in the controls group. Conclusion Despite the urban centers previously being thought of as a non-endemic location, for the first time in the city, 60 CKDu patients are reported in this study. This is the first study to use the urinary biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL to find suspected cases of CKDu and early kidney damage in local communities in the urban centers.