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Quantifying changes in respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children in Texas during

Inyang Uwak1, Natalie Johnson1, Toriq Mustapha1

  • 1Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|March 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

RSV hospitalizations in Texas children under four surged in 2021, doubling typical yearly admissions and significantly increasing hospital stays during the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights pandemic impacts on pediatric respiratory illness trends.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare systems globally.
  • Understanding its effect on other respiratory illnesses, like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), is crucial for public health preparedness.
  • Pediatric hospitalizations for RSV require careful monitoring, especially during public health crises.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify changes in RSV-associated hospitalizations among children under four in Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze temporal and spatial trends in pediatric RSV hospital admissions and length of stay.
  • To compare Texas hospitalization data with national surveillance data (RSV-NET).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Texas Public Use Data Files (PUDF) from 2006-2021 for hospital admission and outcome data.
  • Established a 2006-2019 baseline to predict expected RSV hospitalization values for 2020-2021.
  • Calculated hospitalization rates and mean length of stay, comparing actual vs. predicted values and RSV-NET data.

Main Results:

  • Observed an unusually low number of RSV hospitalizations in 2020, followed by a significant peak in Q3 2021, with 2021 admissions approximately double typical years.
  • Mean length of hospital stay increased significantly (approx. 6.5-fold) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID seasonal trends.
  • Spatial analysis revealed localized healthcare infrastructure strain, and Texas RSV hospitalization rates were double those reported by RSV-NET.

Conclusions:

  • Routine hospital admission data effectively track temporal and spatial trends during public health emergencies like pandemics.
  • The findings suggest a potential for continued elevated RSV hospitalization rates, possibly reaching 17-year highs in 2022.
  • Pandemic-related disruptions have profound, lasting effects on pediatric respiratory illness hospitalization patterns.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19RSVTexashospital admissionslength of hospital stay

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