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Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of human-isolated Salmonella species: a practical bacterial antibiotic
Pei Yee Woh1, May Pui Shan Yeung2, William Bernard Goggins2
1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Objectives:
Drug-resistant Salmonella plays a significant role in disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of Salmonella isolated from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in Hong Kong.
Methods:
Salmonella isolates from stool samples of children aged from 30 days to <5 years were confirmed by using MALDI-TOF MS and subjected to serotyping methods according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar disc diffusion.
Results:
A total of 101 Salmonella isolates were serogrouped into Group B (n = 46, 45.5%), Group C (n = 9, 9.0%) or Group D (n = 46, 45.5%), and successfully classified into S. Enteritidis (n = 15) and S. Typhimurium (n = 7). Overall Salmonella susceptibilities demonstrated the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (76.2%), ciprofloxacin (54.0%) and tetracycline (61.2%) whereas MDR strains had high resistance toward ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), cotrimoxazole (84.6%), chloramphenicol (83.3%) and ciprofloxacin (83.3%). MARI revealed that 80.2% of Salmonella including all MDR strains (n = 13) had indexes greater than 0.2.
Conclusions:
The MARI captures a snapshot of a high rate of antibiotic use and resistance in the isolated Salmonella, indicating the urgent need for continuous antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and control of antibiotic prescription in selecting effective treatments for human diseases.
Insights
Drug-resistant Salmonella in Hong Kong children shows high antibiotic resistance. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial surveillance and controlled antibiotic prescribing.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Drug-resistant Salmonella is a major global cause of illness and death.
- Gastroenteritis in children is a significant health concern, particularly in urban settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) of Salmonella strains.
- To assess antibiotic resistance patterns in Salmonella isolated from hospitalized children in Hong Kong.
Main Methods:
- Salmonella isolates were confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS and serotyped.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar disc diffusion method.
- The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated for each isolate.
Main Results:
- 101 Salmonella isolates were analyzed, with common serogroups B and D.
- High resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (76.2%), tetracycline (61.2%), and ciprofloxacin (54.0%).
- 80.2% of isolates, including all multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, had a MARI greater than 0.2.
Conclusions:
- The high MARI indicates extensive antibiotic use and resistance in Salmonella.
- Continuous antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is crucial.
- Stricter control of antibiotic prescriptions is needed for effective treatment.
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