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Updated: Aug 4, 2025
Author Spotlight: Obtaining High-Quality CSF and Blood Samples for Epilepsy Biomarker Discovery
Published on: September 1, 2023
Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in epileptic cats with unremarkable brain MRI or hippocampal signal
Rozalia Majercikova1, Barbara C Rütgen2, Nicole Luckschander-Zeller1
1Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Objectives:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is used in the diagnostic investigation of cats with epileptic seizures. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of CSF analysis in cats with epileptic seizures that have unremarkable brain MRI or only hippocampal signal changes.
Methods:
Unremarkable brain MRI or MRI studies with signal alterations in the hippocampus only in cats with suspected epilepsy and CFS analysis performed at the Small Animal Internal Department or Diagnostic Imaging Department at Vetmeduni Vienna, Austria, between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. Total nucleated cell count, total protein, blood contamination and cytology data from CSF analysis were evaluated.
Results:
In total, 87 cats were included. Seventy cats (80.5%) had unremarkable MRI, five (5.7%) had hippocampal signal changes with contrast enhancement and 12 (13.8%) had hippocampal signal changes without contrast enhancement. Overall, four cats (4.6%) had abnormalities on CSF analysis; all (100%) had an increased total nucleated cell count (22 cells/μl, 7 cells/μl, 6 cells/μl and 6 cells/μl, respectively), and no cat had increased total protein (100%), although in one cat total protein was not evaluated. Three of these cats had unremarkable MRI and one had hippocampal signal changes without contrast enhancement. The median duration of epileptic signs prior to the MRI study was 2 days.
Conclusions And Relevance:
Our results show that, in our cohort of epileptic cats with unremarkable brain MRI or with hippocampal signal changes, CSF analysis was usually normal. This should be considered before performing a CSF tap.
