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Long COVID in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Yuliya Fedorchenko1, Olena Zimba2,3,4
1Department of Pathophysiology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Halytska Str. 2, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine. yufedorchenko@ifnmu.edu.ua.
Patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) may be predisposed to Long COVID due to immune dysregulation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review analyzes risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of Long COVID in RDs, highlighting potential for severe complications.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Rheumatic diseases (RDs) present diverse responses to COVID-19.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to various autoimmune and rheumatic conditions.
- Long COVID predisposition in RDs may stem from altered immune regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathobiology of Long COVID in patients with RDs.
- To analyze risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of Long COVID in RDs.
- To synthesize current evidence on Long COVID in the context of rheumatic diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature search conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ.
- Analysis of relevant articles focusing on Long COVID in RDs.
- Overview of pathobiological mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Long COVID mechanisms include viral persistence, chronic inflammation, autoantibody production, endotheliopathy, and tissue damage.
- Patients with RDs surviving COVID-19 often face severe complications due to immune imbalance.
- Multiple organ damage is a significant concern in RDs patients with Long COVID.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID poses significant risks for patients with rheumatic diseases.
- Immune dysregulation plays a critical role in Long COVID pathogenesis in RDs.
- Regular monitoring and tailored treatment are essential for managing Long COVID in RDs patients.
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