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Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
Published on: January 5, 2019
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Two-Dimensional Violet Phosphorus P11: A Large Band Gap Phosphorus Allotrope
Gary Cicirello1, Mengjing Wang2,3, Quynh P Sam3
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 30, 2023
Summary
A new two-dimensional (2D) violet phosphorus allotrope, P11, was synthesized. This material exhibits a large band gap and high carrier mobility, making it promising for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Novel two-dimensional (2D) materials with large band gaps, good stability, and high carrier mobility are crucial for advancing electronics and optoelectronics.
- Existing 2D materials face limitations in stability or electronic properties for next-generation applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize a new allotrope of 2D violet phosphorus, P11.
- To investigate the structural, electronic, and stability properties of violet-P11 for potential optoelectronic applications.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of violet-P11 using a salt flux method with bismuth.
- Crystal structure determination via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
- Characterization of electronic and optical properties using photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy.
- Theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT).
Main Results:
- Millimeter-sized crystals of violet-P11 were successfully synthesized and characterized.
- Violet-P11 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with specific unit cell parameters.
- Exfoliated violet-P11 flakes exhibit thickness-dependent properties and moderate ambient stability (up to 1 hour).
- Bulk violet-P11 shows excellent stability in ambient air for extended periods.
- A large optical band gap of 2.0(1) eV was measured, consistent with DFT predictions of 1.8 eV (bulk) and 1.9 eV (monolayer) for this direct band gap semiconductor.
- High carrier mobility is predicted for violet-P11.
Conclusions:
- Violet-P11 is a novel 2D material with a large band gap, surpassing known single-element 2D layered crystals.
- Its excellent stability and predicted high carrier mobility make it a highly attractive candidate for advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices.
- The synthesis and characterization of violet-P11 open new avenues for materials discovery in 2D nanotechnology.
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