Upcycling in the context of biotechnology-based solutions for food quality, loss, and consumer perception

Wasted food is the single biggest contributor to greenhouse gases. Globally, attempts are being made to both reduce surplus food and divert it into food-to-food operations. This opinion piece covers upcycling and biotechnology-mediated solutions on a technology continuum as a part of the bigger whole to solve this problem. Upcycling is an approach to divert foods that would otherwise be wasted into higher uses that would also have tangible benefits to the environment and society. Likewise, biotechnology can help farmers produce crops with longer shelf life and that satisfy cosmetic standards. Uncertainty, either in the form of food safety, technology, or neophobia in the case of upcycled foods or genes (cisgenic or transgenic) in the case of biotechnology, is a hurdle. Communication and consumer perception should be researched. Both upcycling and biotechnology can provide practical solutions, but their acceptance depends on communication strategies and consumer perception.