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Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils
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Death of tonsillar B cells by NETosis.

Ameera Bukhari1, Olga Kalinina1, Katherine L Knight2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.

Cell Death Discovery
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Human tonsil B cells undergo NETosis, a novel cell death pathway crucial for immune responses. This process, influenced by TNF, occurs in germinal centers and may be regulated by inhibitory factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Regulating B cell death is critical for antibody production and immune tolerance.
  • B cells typically undergo apoptosis, but a new death pathway is investigated here.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel form of B cell death in human tonsils.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms and localization of this B cell death pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human tonsil B cells and peripheral blood B cells.
  • Characterization of cell death markers including reactive oxygen species and histone citrullination.
  • In situ fluorescence microscopy to identify NETosis localization within germinal centers.

Main Results:

  • Human tonsil B cells, unlike peripheral blood B cells, exhibit density-dependent NETosis.
  • This NETosis is characterized by membrane integrity loss, ROS release, and chromatin decondensation.
  • TNF inhibition prevented chromatin decondensation, and NETosis was observed in germinal center light zones, co-localizing with B cell markers.

Conclusions:

  • A previously unidentified form of B cell death, NETosis, occurs in human tonsil B cells.
  • This NETosis is likely induced by B cell stimulation in germinal centers, partly mediated by TNF.
  • The findings suggest a new mechanism for maintaining B cell homeostasis and immune responses.