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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Ceramics Engineering

Background:

  • Antiferroelectrics (AFEs) are crucial for energy storage and solid-cooling devices.
  • NaNbO3, a lead-free AFE, exhibits undesirable ferroelectric-like hysteresis, limiting its applications.
  • Stabilizing the antiferroelectric phase in NaNbO3 is essential for enhanced device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a new strategy for stabilizing the antiferroelectric phase in NaNbO3.
  • To reduce the ferroelectric-like polarization-electric field hysteresis in NaNbO3-based materials.
  • To enhance the energy storage and electrocaloric properties of lead-free antiferroelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations guided the strategy of reducing oxygen octahedral tilting angles.
  • Incorporation of CaHfO3 and AgNbO3 into NaNbO3 to modify structural parameters.
  • Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy were used for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • The strategy successfully decreased cation displacements and octahedral tilting angles in NaNbO3.
  • A ceramic composition of 0.75NaNbO3-0.20AgNbO3-0.05CaHfO3 showed a highly reversible AFE-FE phase transition.
  • This composition exhibited well-defined double P-E loops, reduced hysteresis, low remnant polarization, and zero negative strain.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing oxygen octahedral tilting is an effective strategy for stabilizing antiferroelectric phases in NaNbO3.
  • The developed NaNbO3-based ceramic offers improved performance for energy-storage capacitors and electrocaloric cooling.
  • This approach provides a pathway for discovering novel lead-free antiferroelectric materials.