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Dietary and microbiome evidence in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders
Urvi A Shah1,2, Richa Parikh3, Francesca Castro4
1Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. shahu@mskcc.org.
Abstract:
Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell neoplasm. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, diet, and the human intestinal microbiome have been linked to the pathogenesis of MM. In this article, we provide a detailed review of dietary and microbiome factors involved in the pathogenesis of MM and their impact on outcomes. Concurrent with treatment advancements that have improved survival in MM, focused efforts are needed to reduce the burden of MM as well as improve MM specific and overall outcomes once MM is diagnosed. The findings presented in this review will provide a comprehensive guide on the evidence available to date of the impact of dietary and other lifestyle interventions on the gut microbiome and on MM incidence, outcomes, and quality of life. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based guidelines for healthcare providers to counsel individuals at risk such as those with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) as well as MM survivors with respect to their dietary habits.
Insights
Diet and gut microbiome influence multiple myeloma (MM) development and outcomes. Understanding these factors can guide lifestyle interventions for those at risk and survivors to improve quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell cancer with incompletely understood etiology.
- Metabolic risk factors including obesity, diabetes mellitus, diet, and the gut microbiome are implicated in MM pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of dietary and microbiome factors in the pathogenesis and outcomes of MM.
- To explore the impact of lifestyle interventions on the gut microbiome and MM incidence, outcomes, and quality of life.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on diet, gut microbiome, and MM.
- Analysis of evidence linking lifestyle factors to MM incidence, progression, and survival.
Main Results:
- Dietary habits and the intestinal microbiome are significantly associated with MM development and patient outcomes.
- Lifestyle interventions targeting diet and microbiome may offer a strategy to mitigate MM risk and improve quality of life.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports the impact of diet and microbiome on MM, necessitating further research into targeted interventions.
- Findings can inform evidence-based guidelines for counseling individuals at risk (MGUS, SMM) and MM survivors on dietary habits.
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