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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
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Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
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The effect of auditory valence on subsequent visual semantic processing.

Chuanji Gao1, William M Hayes1, Melissa LaPierre1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Both positive and negative emotions similarly impair semantic processing, suggesting attention is equally captured by pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. This impacts cognitive processes and daily emotional regulation.

Keywords:
Cross-modal effectsEmotionLinear ballistic modelSemantic processingValence

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Emotion significantly impacts cognitive functions, with prior research emphasizing arousal's role.
  • The specific influence of emotional valence on subsequent semantic processing remains less understood.
  • Understanding emotional effects on cognition is crucial for daily functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of auditory emotional valence on subsequent visual semantic processing.
  • To control for arousal levels while manipulating valence to isolate its effects.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying valence-induced modulation of semantic cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Participants judged neutral objects as natural or man-made after exposure to instrumental music clips.
  • Music clips were selected to vary in valence (positive, negative, neutral) but maintain consistent arousal levels.
  • Data were analyzed using the linear ballistic accumulator model to assess processing dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Both positive and negative emotional valences significantly impaired subsequent semantic processing compared to neutral valence.
  • The impairment was comparable between positive and negative valence conditions.
  • Linear ballistic accumulator model analysis indicated that valence effects were primarily due to differences in drift rate, suggesting attentional modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional valence, regardless of positivity or negativity, similarly affects semantic processing.
  • Findings support a motivated attention model, where both positive and negative stimuli capture attention comparably.
  • This comparable attentional capture by emotional valence influences subsequent cognitive processes, including semantic evaluation.