New stress-induced hyperglycaemia markers predict prognosis in patients after mechanical thrombectomy

Stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH) is a frequent phenomenon that occurs in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SIH and the prognosis of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) patients according to the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and glycaemic gap (GG) indicators, as well as explore its relationship with haemorrhagic transformation (HT).

Patients were enrolled from January 2019 to September 2021 in our centre. SHR was calculated as fasting blood glucose divided by the A1c-derived average glucose (ADAG). GG was calculated as fasting blood glucose minus ADAG. Logistic regression was used to analyse SHR, GG with outcome and HT.

A total of 423 patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of SIH was as follows: 191/423 of patients with SHR > 0.89, 169/423 of patients with GG > -0.53. SHR > 0.89 (OR: 2.247, 95% CI: 1.344-3.756, P = 0.002) and GG>-0.53 (OR: 2.305, 95% CI: 1.370-3.879, P = 0.002) were both associated with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale > 2) at Day 90 and an increase risk of HT. Additionlly, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive performance of the SHR and GG on outcomes. The area under the curve for SHR to predict poor outcomes was 0.691, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.89. The area under the curve for GG was 0.682, with an optimal cut-off value of -0.53.

High SHR and high GG are strongly associated with poor 90-day prognosis in MT patients and an increased risk of HT.