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The Potential Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Cognitive Impairment Prevention
Iris Zeqaj1,2, Roberto Piffero1,2, Elisa Calzaducca1,2
1Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.
Background:
Vitamin D is implicated in many processes in the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurogenesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, synaptogenesis and protection against oxidative stress, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.
Objective:
In the present review, we aimed to evaluate the potential benefit(s) of vitamin D supplementation for CNS aging in different clinical contexts.
Methods:
We performed a literature search, looking for clinical trials and randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on different endpoints related to cognitive outcomes.
Results:
Firstly, we identified 16 papers dealing with the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function in healthy subjects; the current literature suggests a real role for vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of cognitive decay in this clinical setting. Conversely, two papers suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Finally, current data on vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease are contradictory.
Conclusion:
Vitamin D supplementation may improve the cognitive outcomes of patients with MCI, whereas there is no evidence that it may prevent dementia or modulate the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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