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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
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Structural basis for guide RNA selection by the RESC1-RESC2 complex.

Luciano G Dolce1, Yevheniia Nesterenko1, Leon Walther1

  • 1EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.

Nucleic Acids Research
|March 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kinetoplastid parasites use RNA editing to create functional transcripts. The RESC complex structure reveals RESC2 binds guide RNAs, crucial for this process and potential drug targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasitology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Kinetoplastid parasites depend on RNA-templated RNA editing for mitochondrial gene expression.
  • The 20-subunit RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC) orchestrates RNA editing but its structure and function are poorly understood.
  • Previous studies lacked molecular structures and biochemical data on purified RESC components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the cryo-EM structure of the RESC1-RESC2 module, a key part of the RESC complex.
  • To elucidate the structural basis for guide RNA (gRNA) binding within the RESC complex.
  • To provide insights into the assembly and function of RNA editing machinery in kinetoplastids.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was used to determine the structure of the Trypanosoma brucei RESC1-RESC2 complex.
  • Structural analysis was performed to compare RESC1 and RESC2 subunits and identify RNA-binding sites.
  • Biochemical assays were implied to assess the binding of nucleosides to RESC subunits.

Main Results:

  • The cryo-EM structure revealed RESC1 and RESC2 form an obligatory domain-swapped dimer.
  • Both RESC1 and RESC2 subunits share similar tertiary structures.
  • Only the RESC2 subunit selectively binds 5'-triphosphate-nucleosides, characteristic of gRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • RESC2 is proposed as the primary 5'-end binding site for guide RNAs within the RESC complex.
  • The structure provides a foundation for understanding larger RNA-editing modules in kinetoplastids.
  • This structural information may aid in the development of novel anti-parasitic drugs.