Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 4, 2025
07:46
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
8.6K
Shift-Invariant Orders of an Axionlike Particle
Quentin Bonnefoy1, Christophe Grojean1,2, Jonathan Kley1,2
1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Physical Review Letters
|March 31, 2023
Summary
Global symmetries, like axion shift symmetries, are often approximate. This study introduces new flavor invariants to quantify the breaking of these symmetries in axionlike particle interactions.
Area of Science:
- Theoretical Particle Physics
- Beyond Standard Model Physics
- Flavor Physics
Background:
- Global symmetries, particularly axion shift symmetries, are generally considered approximate.
- Understanding the breaking of these symmetries is crucial for effective field theories involving axionlike particles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the breaking of axion shift symmetry in the couplings of axionlike particles to Standard Model fermions.
- To identify order parameters that precisely signal the breaking of axion shift symmetry.
Main Methods:
- Identification of a minimal set of Jarlskog-like flavor invariants.
- Matching these invariants to a UV completion model.
- Analysis of CP transformations and renormalization group evolution.
- Investigation in low-energy effective field theory and nonperturbative effects.
Main Results:
- A minimal set of flavor invariants uniquely characterizes axion shift symmetry breaking.
- These invariants serve as order parameters for symmetry breaking.
- Properties such as CP transformation and RGE evolution of these invariants are determined.
Conclusions:
- The developed flavor invariants provide a quantitative measure for axion shift symmetry breaking.
- The study offers insights into the flavorful nature of axion couplings and their breaking mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
01:02¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.1K
01:10First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium
7.0K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
7.0K
01:21Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates
364
Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation.
However, when particles...
When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation.
However, when particles...
364
01:18First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium
5.1K
Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...
Newton's first law tells us about...
5.1K
01:16Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview
2.1K
Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
2.1K
01:14π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds
1.2K
In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
1.2K