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Phase Structure of Electroweak Vacuum in a Strong Magnetic Field: The Lattice Results
M N Chernodub1, V A Goy2, A V Molochkov2
1Institut Denis Poisson UMR 7013, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.
Abstract:
Using first-principle lattice simulations, we demonstrate that in the background of a strong magnetic field (around 10^{20} T), the electroweak sector of the vacuum experiences two consecutive crossover transitions associated with dramatic changes in the zero-temperature dynamics of the vector W bosons and the scalar Higgs particles, respectively. Above the first crossover, we observe the appearance of large, inhomogeneous structures consistent with a classical picture of the formation of W and Z condensates pierced by vortices. The presence of the W and Z condensates supports the emergence of the exotic superconducting and superfluid properties induced by a strong magnetic field in the vacuum. We find evidence that the vortices form a disordered solid or a liquid rather than a crystal. The second transition restores the electroweak symmetry. Such conditions can be realized in the near-horizon region of the magnetized black holes.
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