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Accelerating Fluids01:17

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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A fire extinguisher that uses pressurized water relies on fluid dynamics principles to generate a high-velocity stream capable of suppressing flames. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding atmosphere. This pressure difference forces the water to flow rapidly when the extinguisher is activated, and the behavior of the water as it exits the nozzle can be understood using fundamental equations of fluid dynamics.
The key to understanding how the...
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
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Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

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Switchable Explosives: Performance Tuning of Fluid-Activated High Explosive Architectures.

Cameron B Brown1,2, Alexander H Mueller1, Seetharaman Sridhar2,3

  • 1Q-5, High Explosive Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered switchable high explosives (HEs) that require fluid filling to detonate. This innovation significantly enhances safety by preventing accidental explosions during storage and transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional high explosives (HEs) pose significant risks due to accidental detonation.
  • Existing safety measures for HEs are limited in preventing unplanned detonations during storage and transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel class of energetic materials: switchable high explosives (HEs).
  • To evaluate the performance of fluid-filled, additive-manufactured HE lattices.
  • To demonstrate a new method for mitigating HE hazards.

Main Methods:

  • Additive manufacturing of HE lattices.
  • Performance evaluation through detonation velocity and Gurney energy analysis.
  • Comparison of fluid-filled vs. unfilled HE lattices.

Main Results:

  • Switchable HEs require fluid filling to detonate.
  • Gurney energy of unfilled lattice was 98% lower than water-filled.
  • Fluid properties tuned Gurney energy by 8.5% and detonation velocity by 13.4%.

Conclusions:

  • Switchable HEs offer a groundbreaking solution to prevent accidental detonations.
  • This discovery provides unprecedented safety during storage and transport of energetic materials.
  • The ability to tune performance via fluid properties opens new avenues in energetic material design.