Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration

Regenerative medicine is one of the applications of tissue engineering technology that has upsurged the hope of reforming defective organs, especially bones. Bone regeneration is a natural process but becomes complicated under trauma and disease conditions. Even though there are various conventional methods, the usage of scaffolds serves to be a promising technique where they act as the supporting material and the necessary nutrient factors are supplemented alongside, which facilitates the attachment and growth of cells over the scaffold's surface. Human bone is mainly comprised of a hydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen complex. Recently, reports validated that the HA in the nano regime showed higher cell adherence and subsequent growth. Therefore, while using nano-HA/collagen complex as a scaffold material, the limitations of conventional routes of bone regeneration can be minimized. In this context, the present review focuses on the use and fabrication of nano-HA/collagen complex as a scaffold material for the bone regeneration process.