Reducing Risks for Local Skin Flap Failure

Local tissue flaps are a fundamental technique in cutaneous reconstruction. Reducing the risk of flap failure is of critical importance. The intrinsic vascularity of a flap is the most important determinant of success. Good surgical techniques, including flap design, delicate tissue handling, and tension-less closure, help reduce the risk of flap compromise. Determining the etiology of compromise, including arterial, venous, hematologic, or infectious, is the first step in salvaging a failing flap. Common causes include pedicle kinking, hematoma, pressure/tension, systemic patient factors, and poor surgical technique. Swift action to restore perfusion or venous outflow through numerous strategies is required.