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Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs.

J P Toombs, L G Collins, G M Graves

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |January 15, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Colonic perforation is a fatal complication in dogs treated with corticosteroids, especially after major surgery. This condition, often linked to dexamethasone use, resulted in 100% mortality in reviewed cases.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Surgical Pathology

    Background:

    • Corticosteroids are commonly used in veterinary medicine.
    • Colonic perforation is a severe complication with high mortality.
    • This study investigates corticosteroid-induced colonic perforation in dogs.

    Observation:

    • Thirteen cases of canine colonic perforation were analyzed (5 new, 8 literature).
    • All dogs had received corticosteroids, frequently dexamethasone.
    • Twelve dogs had undergone recent major surgery, often neurosurgery.

    Findings:

    • Colonic perforation was uniformly fatal (100% mortality).
    • Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, and emesis, appearing 3-8 days post-surgery.
    • Diagnosis and surgical intervention did not alter the fatal outcome.

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    Implications:

    • Corticosteroid administration, particularly high-dose or prolonged use, may increase the risk of colonic perforation in surgical canine patients.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and identify preventive strategies.
    • Veterinarians should be aware of this risk when prescribing corticosteroids to dogs, especially those with a history of surgery.