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Three types of bidirectional leader development in triggered lightning flashes.

Rui Su1, Fukun Wang1, Jianguo Wang2

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

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|March 31, 2023
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Summary

Researchers observed bidirectional leader (BL) development in triggered lightning, identifying three new types: reflection, discontinuity, and inducement. These findings offer new insights into lightning leader propagation mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Plasma physics

Background:

  • Artificially triggered lightning provides a unique opportunity to study leader development.
  • Understanding bidirectional leader (BL) propagation is crucial for lightning physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and categorize new observations of bidirectional leader development in triggered lightning.
  • To analyze the optical and electrical characteristics of different BL development types.

Main Methods:

  • Synchronous high-speed camera imaging and electric field measurements.
  • Classification of BL development based on optical progression characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Eight cases of BL development were categorized into reflection, discontinuity, and inducement types.
  • Reflection and inducement types, along with multiple-bidirectional leaders, were observed for the first time.
  • Electric field fluctuations correlated with reflection and inducement type BL development, unlike the discontinuity type.

Conclusions:

  • The study introduces three novel types of bidirectional leader development in triggered lightning.
  • Distinct electrical characteristics differentiate the observed BL types.
  • Bidirectional leader development significantly influences electric field changes during lightning flashes.