Evaluation of Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from Smart Utility Meters operating at 868 MHz

Power density and duty factor values were measured around smart utility meters operating at 868 MHz under laboratory-controlled conditions. The maximum 6-min averaged exposure recorded was 0.1 mWm^-2 , which is less than 0.0024% of the corresponding 1998 ICNIRP general public reference level. Duty factors measured were less than 2.8%. This study found that the exposure contribution from Zigbee smart meter devices operating at 868 MHz is generally lower than, if not similar to, those operating at 2.4 GHz. © 2023 Crown copyright. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.