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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

64.8K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

6.8K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
6.8K
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

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Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
733
Solubility03:00

Solubility

17.6K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
17.6K

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Biobased natural deep eutectic system as versatile solvents: Structure, interaction and advanced applications.

Zeba Usmani1, Minaxi Sharma2, Manikant Tripathi3

  • 1Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.

The Science of the Total Environment
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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), derived from plants, offer eco-friendly alternatives to traditional solvents. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tuneable properties make them promising for green chemistry and various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Sustainable Solvents

Background:

  • Growing concerns over environmental and health impacts of conventional organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs).
  • Emergence of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as sustainable alternatives derived from plant bioresources.
  • NADES are mixtures of natural compounds like sugars, polyalcohols, amino acids, and organic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of NADES properties, biodegradability, and toxicity.
  • To explore the diverse applications of NADES in various scientific and industrial fields.
  • To highlight recent progress and future perspectives of NADES in biological systems and green chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on NADES properties and applications.
  • Analysis of NADES synthesis, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
  • Compilation of NADES applications in chemical reactions, extraction, biomedical, and pharmaceutical fields.

Main Results:

  • NADES exhibit advantageous properties including easy synthesis, tuneable physicochemical characteristics, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and low melting points.
  • NADES are highly biocompatible, being biosynthesized and metabolized by living organisms.
  • Significant research interest and a growing number of projects demonstrate the expanding potential of NADES.

Conclusions:

  • NADES represent a promising class of green solvents with significant potential for sustainable chemistry and biological applications.
  • Further research into NADES can enhance knowledge of their role in biological systems and facilitate their adoption in green and sustainable practices.
  • The review underscores the versatility of NADES, particularly in biomedical, therapeutic, and pharma-biotechnology sectors, paving the way for novel applications.