Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Routine gross pathology analysis of the humeral head after shoulder arthroplasty lacks cost-effectiveness and clinical utility.

Shoulder & elbow·2026

Same author

Test yourself: question: a 44-year-old woman with chronic left medial clavicular pain.

Skeletal radiology·2026

Same author

Test yourself: answer: a 44-year-old woman with chronic left medial clavicular pain.

Skeletal radiology·2026

Same author

A novel tension-slide double intramedullary cortical button technique for distal biceps tendon reconstruction: a case series.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2026

Same author

The inconsistent reporting and effect of resilience on outcomes following shoulder surgery.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2026

Same author

Optimal screening for prediction of referral and outcome score is a strong predictor of shoulder pain and function in glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff arthropathy.

JSES international·2026

Same journal

Preface.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

Same journal

Pain Unbound: A Comprehensive Review.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

Same journal

Dual Frontiers Cancer and Palliative Care.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

Same journal

Pain Management Across Special Populations: Pediatrics, Geriatrics, and Pregnancy.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

Same journal

Healing from Within: Regenerative Medicine in Pain Therapy.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

Same journal

The Brain in Pain: Exploring Central Pain Disorders.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome.

Evan H Horowitz¹, William R Aibinder²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 30, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/EvanHorowitzMD.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

|April 1, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Shoulder impingement, a common cause of shoulder pain, is better understood when subcategorized. Evaluation and treatment involve history, physical exam, imaging, and conservative therapies, with surgery for persistent cases.

Keywords:

Acromion Bursitis Impingement Rotator cuff Shoulder Subacromial Subcoracoid

More Related Videos

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy

Published on: November 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy

Published on: November 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

Shoulder impingement is a frequent cause of shoulder pain.
The term "shoulder impingement syndrome" is considered vague and nonspecific.
It can be accurately subcategorized into subacromial, internal, and subcoracoid impingement.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the diagnostic and treatment approaches for shoulder impingement.
To emphasize the importance of subcategorization for accurate diagnosis and management.
To provide an overview of the evaluation and treatment algorithm for different types of shoulder impingement.

Main Methods:

Review of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for shoulder impingement.
Emphasis on thorough patient history and focused physical examination.
Inclusion of standard radiographs and advanced imaging (MRI, ultrasound) in evaluation.
Discussion of conservative treatments: physical therapy, medications, and injections.
Outline of surgical options for refractory cases: decompression, debridement, and repair.

Main Results:

Subcategorization of shoulder impingement (subacromial, internal, subcoracoid) provides a more precise diagnosis.
A consistent evaluation and treatment algorithm is applicable across these subcategories.
Conservative management is the primary treatment modality.
Surgical intervention is reserved for cases unresponsive to conservative treatments.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis and management of shoulder pain require subcategorizing impingement.
A systematic approach involving clinical evaluation, imaging, and stepwise treatment is effective.
Conservative treatments form the cornerstone of management, with surgery as a last resort.