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Related Concept Videos

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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
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Probing Single-molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer Inside a Single Lipid Vesicle.

Atanu Kumar Das1, Amit Kumar Mandal2, Tridib Mondal3

  • 1Department of Physics, Kandi Raj College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, 742137, India.

Journal of Fluorescence
|April 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Single molecule electron transfer in lipid vesicles shows fluctuations due to kinetic disorder. This study reveals inherent vesicle dynamics influencing electron transfer rates and probe fluorescence.

Keywords:
Electron transferInhomogeneityLipid VesicleOrganic dyesSingle Molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electron transfer reactions are fundamental in biological and chemical processes.
  • Understanding single-molecule dynamics provides insights into reaction mechanisms.
  • Lipid vesicles serve as model systems for cell membranes and interfacial phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inhomogeneity of single-molecule electron transfer at lipid vesicle surfaces.
  • To explore the influence of probe localization within the vesicle on electron transfer.
  • To characterize the kinetic disorder and statistical behavior of electron transfer rates.

Main Methods:

  • Single molecule spectroscopy was employed to monitor electron transfer.
  • Di-methyl aniline (DMA) was used as the electron donor.
  • Organic dyes (C153, C480, C152) served as electron acceptors with varying lipid affinities.

Main Results:

  • Fluctuations in single-molecule fluorescence decay indicate variations in interfacial electron transfer reactivity.
  • Non-exponential auto-correlation of probe intensity suggests kinetic disorder in electron transfer rates.
  • The dark state (off-time) distribution follows a power law, consistent with Lévy statistics.
  • A shift in lifetime distribution for C153 (3.9 ns to 3.5 ns) was observed, attributed to dynamic electron transfer and quenching.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetic disorder is inherent in the electron transfer reaction for each dye within the lipid vesicle.
  • Inherent fluctuations in the vesicle, occurring on the millisecond timescale, contribute to the observed electron transfer rate variations.
  • Single molecule spectroscopy effectively probes the complex dynamics of interfacial electron transfer in heterogeneous environments.