Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 4, 2025
Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
Functional electrical stimulation therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation following spinal cord injury: a pilot
Gustavo Balbinot1, Guijin Li2,3, Cindy Gauthier2,4
1KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada. gustavo.balbinot@hotmail.com.
Study Design:
Pilot study.
Objectives:
To examine if functional electrical stimulation therapy (FEST) improves neuromuscular factors underlying upper limb function in individuals with SCI.
Setting:
A tertiary spinal cord rehabilitation center specialized in spinal cord injury care in Canada.
Methods:
We examined 29 muscles from 4 individuals living with chronic, cervical, and incomplete SCI. The analysis was focused on the changes in muscle activation, as well as on how the treatment could change the ability to control a given muscle or on how multiple muscles would be coordinated during volitional efforts.
Results:
There was evidence of gains in muscle strength, activation, and median frequency after the FEST. Gains in muscle activation indicated the activation of a greater number of motor units and gains in muscle median frequency the involvement of higher threshold, faster motor units. In some individuals, these changes were smaller but accompanied by increased control over muscle contraction, evident in a greater ability to sustain a volitional contraction, reduce the co-contraction of antagonist muscles, and provide cortical drive.
Conclusions:
FEST increases muscle strength and activation. Enhanced control of muscle contraction, reduced co-contraction of antagonist muscles, and a greater presence of cortical drive were some of the findings supporting the effects of FEST at the sensory-motor integration level.
