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Prevalence of celiac disease and its related factors in children aged 2-6 years old: A case-control study
Mohsen Maleki1, Farzaneh MontazeriFar2, Abolfazl Payandeh3
1Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Insights
Celiac disease (CD) prevalence in Iranian children (2-6 years) was 9.2/10,000. Factors like birth weight and digestive issues influenced CD, while infant feeding patterns showed no significant impact.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.
- It primarily affects the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and various clinical manifestations.
- Understanding CD's prevalence and risk factors in pediatric populations is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in children aged 2-6 years in southeastern Iran.
- To identify factors associated with CD development in this pediatric cohort.
- To investigate the role of infant feeding patterns and maternal diet during lactation on CD incidence.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Zahedan, southeastern Iran, from January 2021 to January 2022.
- Data collection included social-demographic information, child and family history, and infant feeding patterns using the Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ).
- Statistical analysis identified significant risk factors for CD development.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) was found to be 9.2 per 10,000 children.
- Significant risk factors for CD included child age, birth weight, living location, birth type, and digestive diseases (p < 0.05).
- Children with CD consumed fewer food groups (bread, cereals, meat, eggs, legumes, dairy, fruits, vegetables) compared to controls (p = 0.004).
Conclusions:
- Childhood nutrition, gastrointestinal diseases, birth weight, and delivery mode are significant factors in celiac disease (CD) development.
- Maternal dietary intake during the first six months of lactation did not show a significant association with CD incidence in infants.
- Early identification of risk factors and tailored nutritional guidance are essential for managing pediatric CD.
Abstract:
Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-genetic disorder associated with the small intestine. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD and its related factors in children aged 2-6 years in southeastern Iran. Methods: In the present case-control research, the study groups were selected by convenience sampling method in Zahedan city, Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran, from January 2021 till January 2022. Social-demographic status and personal information about the child, family, as well as the feeding pattern of children and mothers in the first six months of breastfeeding were examined. Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ) was also used for data collection. Results: The prevalence of CD was estimated at 9.2 per 10,000. Our findings showed that child age, birth weight, location of living, child birth type, child digestive disease, and child FFQ score played a significant role in the development of CD (p < 0.05). Children with CD consumed less bread and cereals, meat, eggs and legumes, dairy products, and fruits and vegetables (p = 0.004). In the first six months of breastfeeding, the mean intake of mothers with celiac children and mothers with healthy children was almost the same (p = 0.75). Conclusion: Nutrition in the first six months of lactation, gastrointestinal diseases, birth weight, and type of delivery played a significant role in causing CD in children aged 2-6 years, but mothers' diets in the first six months of lactation had no significant effect on CD incidence in their infants.
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