Advances in immunotherapy for cervical cancer

Cervical cancer still represents a major public health problem, being the fourth most common cancer in incidence and mortality in women worldwide. These figures are unacceptable since cervical cancer, an human papillomavirus-related malignancy, is a largely preventable disease by means of well-established screening and vaccination programs. Patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic disease unsuitable for curative therapeutic approaches represent a dismal prognosis population. Until recently, these patients were only candidates for cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. However, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of this disease achieving historical overall survival improvements in both the post-platinum and frontline settings. Interestingly, the clinical development of immunotherapy in cervical cancer is currently advancing to earlier stages of the disease, as the locally advanced setting, whose standard of care has not changed in the last decades with still modest outcomes. As more innovative immunotherapy approaches are in clinical early development in advanced cervical cancer, promising efficacy data are emerging that may shape the future of this disease. This review summarizes the main treatment advances carried out in the field of immunotherapy throughout the past years.