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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse
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Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse

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Imaging peripheral lymphatic dysfunction in chronic conditions.

Eva M Sevick-Muraca1, Caroline E Fife2, John C Rasmussen1

  • 1Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography are crucial for diagnosing lymphatic dysfunction. These imaging techniques advance understanding and treatment of chronic diseases, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasechronic venous diseaseindocyanine greenlipedemalymphatic imaginglymphedemanear-infrared fluorescencerehabilitation medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Lymphatic science
  • Medical imaging
  • Chronic disease diagnostics

Background:

  • Lymphatic dysfunction significantly impacts global health, yet routine diagnostic imaging has been limited.
  • This limitation hinders the development of effective treatments for numerous chronic conditions.
  • Existing clinical imaging modalities lack the specificity for comprehensive lymphatic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging and ICG lymphography on lymphatic science.
  • To summarize findings from human and animal studies regarding lymphatic (dys)function and anatomy.
  • To highlight new clinical frontiers enabled by advanced lymphatic imaging technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of investigational near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging.
  • Analysis of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography applications.
  • Synthesis of data from human clinical studies and corollary animal models of human disease.

Main Results:

  • These non-invasive imaging techniques have been pivotal in evaluating lymphatic dysfunction for nearly two decades.
  • Applications span cancer-related lymphedema, primary lymphedema, chronic venous disease, and autoimmune/neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Imaging has provided critical insights into lymphatic anatomy and function in various disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging and ICG lymphography are essential tools for diagnosing and managing lymphatic disorders.
  • These technologies have significantly advanced the clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic diseases.
  • Further advancements in imaging will continue to drive innovation in lymphatic science and clinical practice.