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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

29
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
29
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

23
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
23
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

17
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
17
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

25
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
25
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

42
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
42
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

67
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
67

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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The First Known Documented Case of Ewingella Americana Urinary Tract Infection.

Jason Hourizadeh1, Justin Joy1, Joseph I Berger1

  • 1Internal Medicine, St. John's Riverside Hospital, Yonkers, USA.

Cureus
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This case report details the first urinary tract infection caused by Enterococcus americana in an immunocompromised patient. Further research is needed to understand this multidrug-resistant organism

Keywords:
ewingella americanahemodialysisimmunocompromisedmultidrug-resistanturinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Urology

Background:

  • A 73-year-old male with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and multiple comorbidities presented with acute groin pain.
  • The patient had a history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and complex urological issues requiring suprapubic catheter and nephrostomy tube placement.

Observation:

  • Urine analysis revealed signs of infection, and urine culture identified a significant growth of Enterococcus americana (>100,000 CFUs) and Enterococcus faecalis.
  • The patient was treated with a combination of meropenem, ertapenem, and vancomycin, which led to symptom improvement.

Findings:

  • This is the first documented case of a UTI caused by Enterococcus americana.
  • Enterococcus americana is a multidrug-resistant organism primarily found in immunocompromised individuals, with ongoing debate about its pathogenicity.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the need for further research into the prevalence and pathogenicity of Enterococcus americana, particularly in immunocompromised populations.
  • Understanding this emerging multidrug-resistant organism is crucial in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance.