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Small Finger Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Chronic Arthritis Secondary to Leprosy: A Case Report
Ahmed M Elbayer1, Mohamed M Ibrahim2, Sara Alharami3
1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
Abstract:
Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a multisystem, chronic infectious disease that still exists. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Musculoskeletal features are non-consistent and can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. We report the case of a 23-year-old male with the right small finger (RSF) proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthropathy related to leprosy. This was his first encounter with seeking medical advice regarding his condition. The patient was diagnosed and treated with surgical debridement, volar plate arthroplasty for the affected proximal interphalangeal joint, and the recommended multi-drug therapy regimen. The pathological effects of leprosy on the bones and joints have been attributed to several theories, with peripheral nerve neuropathy being the primary cause. Early detection of leprosy is crucial for effective management, preventing further disease transmission, and minimizing the risk of developing complications.
Insights
Leprosy (Hansen's disease) can affect joints, causing arthropathy. Early diagnosis and multi-drug therapy are crucial for managing this chronic infectious disease and preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Rheumatology
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Leprosy (Hansen's disease), caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic multisystem infection.
- Musculoskeletal manifestations of leprosy are variable and can lead to diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- A 23-year-old male presented with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthropathy of the right small finger (RSF).
- This was the patient's initial medical consultation for his condition.
Findings:
- The patient received surgical debridement and volar plate arthroplasty for the affected PIP joint.
- Treatment included the standard multi-drug therapy regimen for leprosy.
Implications:
- Peripheral nerve neuropathy is considered a primary factor in leprosy's pathological effects on bones and joints.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment of leprosy are essential for effective management, reducing transmission, and preventing severe complications.
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