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An atypical surge in RSV infections among children in Saitama, Japan in 2021

Takuma Ohnishi1,2, Yumi Kang2, Yutaka Kawano2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

IJID Regions
|April 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

In 2021, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) outbreaks showed a steeper admission peak but similar overall patient numbers and intubation rates compared to pre-pandemic years in Saitama, Japan.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Atypical seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) outbreaks occurred globally in 2021.
  • The characteristics of these RSV outbreaks, including peak, duration, and severity, required assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the peak, duration, and severity of RSV outbreaks in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, during 2021.
  • To compare 2021 RSV admissions and intubation rates with pre-pandemic years (2018-2019).

Main Methods:

  • Collected weekly pediatric RSV admission data from Saitama Prefecture facilities.
  • Analyzed patient age and intubation requirements.
  • Compared average weekly admission rates using analysis of variance for 2018, 2019, and 2021.

Main Results:

  • 1354 pediatric patients admitted with RSV in 2021; median age < 12 months.
  • RSV admission peak occurred around week 30 with a steeper slope in 2021 compared to prior years.
  • No significant difference in mean weekly admission rates or intubation proportions between 2018-2021.

Conclusions:

  • The 2021 RSV season in Saitama had a sharper admission peak but comparable overall admission numbers and intubation rates to pre-pandemic periods.
  • Findings suggest that while the timing of the outbreak shifted, the overall burden and severity remained consistent.
Abstract

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