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Complex wound response mechanisms and phellogen evolution - insights from Early Devonian euphyllophytes.

Madison A K Lalica1, Alexandru M F Tomescu1

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Summary

The earliest plant wound responses involved periderm formation by a cambium (phellogen). This study reveals that wound periderm likely preceded systemic periderm, suggesting a protective evolutionary origin.

Keywords:
Devoniandevelopmental modelearly tracheophyteeuphyllophyteevo-devofossilperidermwound response

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Area of Science:

  • Paleobotany
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Periderm, a protective tissue in plants, originates from a cambium (phellogen).
  • The evolutionary origin and developmental process of periderm, especially in early land plants (tracheophytes), remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding early periderm development is crucial for insights into plant tissue protection and evolutionary innovations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the development of wound-response periderm in early tracheophytes.
  • To reconstruct the developmental process of periderm formation using fossil evidence.
  • To propose a model for the evolution of periderm from a wound-response mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical analysis of fossilized wound-response tissues from an Early Devonian euphyllophyte, *Nebuloxyla mikmaqiana* sp. nov.
  • Serial sectioning of fossil specimens to reconstruct tissue development.
  • Comparative analysis with previously described fossil periderm from the same locality.

Main Results:

  • The oldest fossil occurrences of wound-response periderm were analyzed.
  • A new species, *Nebuloxyla mikmaqiana* sp. nov., provides insights into early periderm development.
  • A model for wound-response periderm development by bifacial, laterally uncoordinated phellogen activity was proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Periderm likely evolved initially as a wound-sealing mechanism in early tracheophytes.
  • The earliest wound periderm predates systemically produced canonical periderm.
  • Canonical periderm may have evolved via exaptation of the wound-sealing mechanism, possibly triggered by vascular cambial growth.