Emerging Graphitic Carbon Nitride-based Nanobiomaterials for Biological Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanostructures possess unique compositional, structural, optical, and electronic properties.
• These properties include an exceptional band structure, moderate surface area, and high thermal and chemical stability.
• g-CN nanomaterials demonstrate significant promise for advanced biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review state-of-the-art synthetic strategies and optimization techniques for g-CN nanomaterials.
• To provide a panorama of g-CN's physicochemical properties relevant to biological applications.
• To summarize recent progress and future perspectives of g-CN in nanobiomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of synthesis methods for g-CN nanostructures.
• Analysis of structural, optical, and electronic properties.
• Compilation of applications in biosensing, bioimaging, therapy, and drug delivery.

Main Results:

• g-CN nanostructures can be synthesized through various strategies, with optimization enhancing their properties.
• These materials show high performance in biosensors, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, chemotherapy, and antimicrobial applications.
• Biosafety and biocompatibility evaluations are crucial for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

• g-CN based nanobiomaterials offer a promising platform for diverse biomedical applications.
• Further research into unresolved issues and challenges is needed to advance g-CN development.
• Optimized g-CN holds potential for clinical translation, benefiting human well-being.