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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

Reliability and limitations of permanent tooth staging techniques.

A H Abdul Rahim¹, J A Davies², H M Liversidge²

¹Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Queen Mary University of London, Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom.

Forensic Science International

|April 3, 2023

Summary

This study compared the reliability of three permanent tooth staging methods: Demirjian, Nolla, and Moorrees. Demirjian scoring demonstrated slightly higher intra-observer reliability, with minimal differences between assessments.

Keywords:

Cohen’s kappa Dental age estimation Percentage agreement Reliability

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Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

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Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Dental Anthropology
Forensic Odontology
Radiographic Interpretation

Background:

Assessing permanent tooth development is crucial for age estimation in forensic and clinical dentistry.
Existing staging techniques, like Demirjian, Nolla, and Moorrees, are evaluated for their reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the intra-observer reliability of three permanent tooth staging methods: Demirjian, Nolla, and Moorrees.
To analyze disagreement patterns beyond a single reliability metric (Cohen's Kappa).

Main Methods:

Intra-observer reliability assessed using panoramic radiographs of 200 healthy individuals (6-15 years).
Permanent teeth (excluding third molars) on the left side were scored twice by the same observer.
Weighted Kappa and percentage agreement were calculated for each staging method.

Main Results:

High overall reliability was observed for all methods: Demirjian (Kappa=0.938), Nolla (Kappa=0.922), and Moorrees (Kappa=0.918).
Percentage agreement ranged from 81% (Moorrees) to 87% (Demirjian).
Differences between assessments did not exceed one tooth stage.

Conclusions:

Demirjian's method showed marginally superior intra-observer reliability compared to Nolla and Moorrees.
Recommendations include full tabulation of disagreement data and using large, diverse reliability samples for comprehensive assessment.