Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

320
The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
320
Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

381
Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced...
381
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

912
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
912
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

6.3K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
6.3K
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

330
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
330
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

569
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
569

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Memory for scene details in eye-movement behavior, with and without awareness.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

The relationship between performance validity test failure, fatigue, and psychological functioning in Long COVID.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2025
Same author

The relationship between performance validity testing, external incentives, and cognitive functioning in long COVID.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2024
Same author

Control of memory retrieval alters memory-based eye movements.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2023
Same author

Relational memory weakness in autism despite the use of a controlled encoding task.

Frontiers in psychology·2023
Same author

Attention capture by episodic long-term memory.

Cognition·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.2K

Conscious awareness and memory systems in the brain.

Deborah E Hannula1, Greta N Minor1, Dana Slabbekoorn1

  • 1University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Conscious memory relies on the medial temporal lobe (MTL), but unconscious memory, like priming, involves different brain processes. Research challenges traditional memory systems, suggesting the hippocampus binds information for both conscious and unconscious recall.

Keywords:
declarative memoryhippocampusmedial temporal loberelational memoryunconscious memory

More Related Videos

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.2K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Traditional memory models distinguish conscious, medial temporal lobe (MTL)-dependent memory from unconscious, performance-based memory.
  • The declarative memory theory, while influential, is increasingly challenged by evidence of MTL involvement in non-reportable memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the evolution of memory systems perspectives.
  • To critically evaluate evidence challenging the standard model of memory.
  • To highlight challenges and innovative methods in studying unconscious memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early neuropsychological work and theoretical perspectives.
  • Critical evaluation of scientific evidence.
  • Discussion of innovative laboratory methods for studying unconscious memory.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests MTL structures contribute to memory beyond explicitly reportable types.
  • The hippocampus is critical for relational memory binding and representation, even unconsciously.
  • Similarities may exist between certain types of priming and familiarity-based recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Recent perspectives emphasize processing operations and representation qualities over strict memory type distinctions.
  • Alternative models propose broader roles for the hippocampus and question sharp divides between conscious and unconscious memory processes.