Field-programmable analog array (FPAA) based four-state adaptive oscillator for analog frequency analysis

Adaptive oscillators are a subset of nonlinear oscillators that can learn and encode information in dynamic states. By appending additional states onto a classical Hopf oscillator, a four-state adaptive oscillator is created that can learn both the frequency and amplitude of an external forcing frequency. Analog circuit implementations of nonlinear differential systems are usually achieved by using operational amplifier-based integrator networks, in which redesign procedures of the system topology is time consuming. Here, an analog implementation of a four-state adaptive oscillator is presented for the first time as a field-programmable analog array (FPAA) circuit. The FPAA diagram is described, and the hardware performance is presented. This simple FPAA-based oscillator can be used as an analog frequency analyzer, as its frequency state will evolve to match the external forcing frequency. Notably, this is done without any analog-to-digital conversion or pre-processing, making it an ideal frequency analyzer for low-power and low-memory applications.