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Related Concept Videos

Motor Units00:46

Motor Units

58.5K
A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution...
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Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
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Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

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Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
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Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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Design of Transmission Shafts01:16

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The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by...
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
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A novel thin single-phase drive linear ultrasonic motor.

Yangyang Ge1, Xipei Ma1, Pingqing Fan1

  • 1Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel thin linear ultrasonic motor achieves bidirectional motion by switching between right-driving (RD) and left-driving (LD) modes. This lightweight actuator demonstrates excellent performance, offering a new concept for ultrasonic actuators.

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Linear ultrasonic motors offer precise motion control.
  • Existing designs often lack bidirectional capabilities or are bulky.
  • There is a need for compact, efficient actuators with versatile movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test a novel thin, single-phase drive linear ultrasonic motor.
  • To demonstrate bidirectional driving capabilities through distinct vibration modes.
  • To analyze the motor's structure, working principle, and performance characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element modeling for dynamic performance analysis.
  • Prototype fabrication and impedance testing for vibration characteristics.
  • Experimental investigation of mechanical characteristics on a dedicated platform.

Main Results:

  • The motor achieves bidirectional motion by switching between RD and LD modes.
  • Maximum no-load speed reached approximately 159.7 mm/s.
  • Maximum thrust forces of ~2.5 N (RD mode) and ~2.1 N (LD mode) were recorded with 8 N preload and 200 V.

Conclusions:

  • The developed linear ultrasonic motor is thin, lightweight, and exhibits excellent performance.
  • The novel design enables bidirectional actuation, presenting a new concept for ultrasonic actuators.
  • The study validates the motor's capabilities through simulation and experimental testing.