Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

62
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
62
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

3.1K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.1K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.7K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.7K
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

39
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
39
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.6K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.6K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Comparison of Three Analytical Procedures for Oxandrolone Long-Term Metabolite Determination in Urine Samples.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same author

The new small-angle X-ray scattering beamline for materials research at PETRA III: SAXSMAT beamline P62.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2023
Same author

mTORC1 Controls Phase Separation and the Biophysical Properties of the Cytoplasm by Tuning Crowding.

Cell·2018
Same author

[Quality assurance and quality management in intensive care].

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin·2015
Same author

Ergonomics of Selected Laparoscopic Procedures - Need for Action?

Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering·2013
Same author

Studies on the enzymes of the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) during germination.

Revue canadienne de biologie·2010
Same journal

[From rhizomania to viral RNAs structure functions].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[Characteristics of viral gastroenteritis in solid organ transplant patients].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[ResaFlu/FluResearchNet International symposium,Toulouse, November 26-27, 2025].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[ViRAE 2025: a landmark inaugural edition for virology at INRAE].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[13<sup>rd</sup> Cytokines annual meeting, Novembre 2-5 2025, Seattle, USA].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[Annual report of the French Society for Virology].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

7.6K

[MicroRNAs and viral infections].

S Pfeffer1

  • 1Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, laboratoire propre du CNRS (UPR 2357) conventionné avec l'Université Louis-Pasteur, 12, rue du Général-Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|April 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA silencing is crucial for antiviral defense in plants and insects. However, human DNA viruses, unlike RNA viruses, appear to utilize microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate gene expression rather than being targeted by RNA silencing.

Keywords:
RNA silencinggene regulationmicroRNAvirus

More Related Videos

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.9K
Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

7.6K
Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.9K
Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • RNA silencing, mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), is vital for gene regulation and innate immunity, particularly antiviral defense, in plants and insects.
  • While viral targeting by RNA silencing is established in plants and insects, its role in mammalian antiviral defense remains largely unknown.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the role of RNA silencing in mammalian antiviral defense.
  • To determine if human viruses are targeted by RNA silencing mechanisms.
  • To explore the nature of viral small RNAs in human virus-infected cells.

Summary:

  • Human cells infected with RNA viruses do not exhibit viral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), a hallmark of RNA silencing.
  • Cells infected by DNA viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and SV40, contain viral small RNAs that resemble host miRNAs.
  • These findings suggest that human DNA viruses have evolved their own miRNAs to manipulate host and viral gene expression, rather than being targets of RNA silencing.

Impact:

  • Challenges the established role of RNA silencing as a universal antiviral defense mechanism in mammals.
  • Highlights a novel viral immune evasion strategy employed by human DNA viruses.
  • Opens new avenues for understanding virus-host interactions and developing antiviral therapies targeting viral miRNA pathways.