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Association between sleep-wake schedules and myopia among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents: a
Shaojun Xu1,2,3, Zhiqiang Zong4, Yi Zhu1,2,3
1Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Insights
Insufficient sleep and irregular sleep-wake schedules are linked to a higher prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of consistent sleep patterns for maintaining good vision in young individuals.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Myopia is a growing public health concern in children and adolescents.
- Sleep-wake patterns are crucial for overall health and development in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sleep-wake schedules and self-reported myopia in school-aged children and adolescents.
- To identify specific sleep-related factors that may increase myopia risk.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 30,188 students in Shenzhen City, China.
- Sleep-wake schedules assessed via self-administered questionnaires.
- Myopia identified by age of first spectacle or contact lens prescription; analyzed using logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Overall myopia prevalence was 49.8%, increasing with school grade (25.6% to 75.7%).
- Irregular sleep-wake times, shorter nighttime sleep (<7 hours), no daytime naps, and social jetlag were associated with increased myopia risk.
- Primary school students showed significant associations between insufficient sleep, no naps, and irregular weekday sleep with myopia.
Conclusions:
- Insufficient sleep duration and irregular sleep-wake schedules are significant risk factors for self-reported myopia in children and adolescents.
- Promoting consistent and adequate sleep may be a viable strategy for myopia prevention in pediatric populations.
Background:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep-wake schedules and self-reported myopia in the pediatric population.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study in 2019, school-aged children and adolescents in the Baoan District of Shenzhen City were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling approach. Sleep-wake schedules of children were determined by a self-administered questionnaire. The age that participants first reported using myopia correction glasses or contact lenses was used to identify those with myopia. Pearson χ2 test was used to examine differences in myopia prevalence among participants with different characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding variables, was applied to examine the relationship between sleep-wake schedule and risk of self-reported myopia, and a stratification analysis by school grade was also performed.
Results:
A total of 30,188 students were recruited. In this study, the overall prevalence of myopia was 49.8%, with prevalence rates of 25.6%, 62.4%, and 75.7% for primary, junior high, and senior high school students, respectively. Students with irregular sleep-wake times reported a higher prevalence of myopia than those with regular sleep-wake times. Nighttime sleep duration of < 7 hours/day (h/d) (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.17-1.38), no daytime nap (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.18), irregular weekday bedtime (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17), irregular weekday wake time (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.12-1.30), weekend bedtime delayed > = 1 h/d (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11-1.29, P < 0.001), weekend wake time delayed > = 1 h/d (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.19), irregular sleep-wake time on weekdays (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.07-1.19), and social jetlag > = 1 h (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14) were likely to be associated with increased risks of self-reported myopia after adjusting age, sex, grade, parental education level, family income, parental myopia, academic record, and academic workload. When stratified by school grade, we observed that nighttime sleep duration < 7 h/d, no daytime naps, and irregular sleep-wake time on weekdays were significantly associated with self-reported myopia in primary school students.
Conclusion:
Insufficient sleep and irregular sleep-wake schedules can increase the risk of self-reported myopia in children and adolescents.
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