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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Thyroid Dysfunction in Periand Postmenopausal Women-Cumulative Risks.

Karin Frank-Raue1, Friedhelm Raue

  • 1Endocrine and NuclearMedicine Practice,Heidelberg, Germany.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|April 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopausal estrogen depletion and thyroid dysfunction both increase risks for cardiovascular and bone diseases. Early detection and management of thyroid disorders are crucial in menopausal women to mitigate these cumulative health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Women's Health

Background:

  • Menopausal estrogen depletion elevates risks for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hyperthyroidism, exacerbates these risks, leading to a cumulative health burden.
  • Thyroid disorders are common in women, with symptoms often masked by aging, complicating diagnosis.

Approach:

  • A systematic review of clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published between January 2000 and October 2022 was conducted.
  • PubMed database was searched using keywords "menopause and thyroid disorders" to identify relevant literature.
  • Publications included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews.

Key Points:

  • Hyperthyroidism shares symptoms with menopause, and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) affects 8-10% of women in their 50s.
  • Reduced TSH levels in women on L-thyroxine treatment are linked to significantly increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
  • Hyperthyroidism accelerates bone density loss and increases vertebral fracture risk, mirroring menopausal effects.

Conclusions:

  • The convergence of menopause and thyroid dysfunction accelerates risks for heart and bone diseases.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism are essential in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
  • Avoid TSH suppression in women treated for hypothyroidism and maintain broad screening indications for TSH measurement in perimenopausal women.