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Sensory Gating in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review
Samantha E Schulz1,2,3, Michelle Luszawski1,2,3, Kara E Hannah1,2,3
1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
|April 4, 2023
Summary
Sensory gating differences are common in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism. However, inconsistent findings across studies highlight the need for more research into this potential transdiagnostic mechanism.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Sensory gating, the brain's ability to filter stimuli, is increasingly explored as a transdiagnostic mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Understanding sensory gating deficits may offer insights into shared underlying processes across conditions like autism and ADHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize current research on sensory gating in neurodevelopmental disorders.
- To identify commonalities and discrepancies in sensory gating across different neurodevelopmental conditions.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review was conducted using five major research databases.
- Eligibility criteria followed the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis.
- Data extraction and analysis were performed by two independent reviewers on 81 identified articles.
Main Results:
- Sensory gating literature is most abundant for autism, with fewer studies on ADHD, tic disorders, and childhood-onset fluency disorder (COFD).
- Reported sensory experiences consistently differ in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Affect-modulated inhibition shows discrepancies, while habituation differences are noted in autism and tic disorders, and inhibition concerns in COFD.
Conclusions:
- Evidence for sensory gating in neurodevelopmental disorders is currently inconsistent within and across conditions.
- Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of sensory gating as a transdiagnostic mechanism.
- Standardized methods for assessing sensory gating are needed to improve research consistency.
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