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Interference Between Enteric Viruses and Live-Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine Virus in a Healthy Australian Birth Cohort

Asmaa El-Heneidy1, Keith Grimwood1,2, Stephen B Lambert3,4

  • 1School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Enteric viruses may reduce the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines like RotaTeq. This study found that other common gut viruses negatively impact RotaTeq shedding in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rotavirus vaccines exhibit reduced effectiveness in high-mortality environments.
  • Potential interference between co-circulating enteric viruses and live-attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine strains is a suspected factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential interference of common enteric viruses with the replication and shedding of RotaTeq (RV1) in infants.
  • To determine the association between the presence of various enteric viruses and RotaTeq shedding.

Main Methods:

  • A birth cohort of 140 healthy Australian infants provided weekly stool samples.
  • Paired swabs (n=381) collected within 10 days of RotaTeq vaccination were tested for 10 enteric viruses and RotaTeq strains.

Main Results:

  • Both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses showed a negative association with RotaTeq shedding.
  • Adjusted odds ratios for RNA and DNA viruses were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.14-0.58) and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.11-0.78), respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Enteric viruses may interfere with RotaTeq replication within the infant gut.
  • This interference could contribute to the reduced effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines observed in certain settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
ORChIDRotaTeqenteric virusesinterferenceoral vaccine

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