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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

598
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

459
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

5.0K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Q&A: Robert Vonderheide on Immunotherapy Advances

    Cancer Discovery
    |April 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cancer research is exploring the body's immune system to develop new treatments like checkpoint inhibitors and mRNA vaccines. These innovative immunotherapies offer new hope for conquering cancer.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • The human immune system offers a promising avenue for cancer treatment development.
    • Significant advancements have been made in harnessing the body's defenses against cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical progress and future directions of cancer immunotherapy.
    • To discuss the evolution and potential of various immunotherapeutic strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing research and clinical applications of cancer immunotherapies.
    • Expert insights from leading oncologists on the field's trajectory.

    Main Results:

    • Checkpoint inhibitors, mRNA vaccines, and CAR T-cell therapies represent key breakthroughs.

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  • These treatments leverage the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.

    • Conclusions:

    • The field of cancer immunotherapy is rapidly evolving with promising therapeutic options.
    • Future research will continue to refine and expand upon these immune-based cancer treatments.