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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Mobile virtual reality (VR) systems require high bandwidth and low latency for immersive experiences.
    • Streaming scalable 8K 360° video presents significant technical challenges in terms of data transmission and processing.
    • Existing solutions often struggle to balance immersion fidelity, latency, and system reliability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel multi-user mobile VR arcade system for streaming scalable 8K 360° video.
    • To achieve low interactive latency, high remote scene immersion fidelity, and application reliability.
    • To maximize the minimum immersion fidelity across all VR users under rate, latency, and computing constraints.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of embedded multi-layer 360° tiling, edge computing, and wireless multi-connectivity (sub-6 GHz and mmWave).
    • Utilizing sub-6 GHz for base layer broadcast and directed mmWave links for viewport-specific enhancement layers.
    • Employing geometric programming algorithms and graph-theoretic VR user to mmWave access point assignment.

    Main Results:

    • Significant improvement (8-10 dB) in delivered VR user immersion fidelity and spatial resolution (8K vs. 4K) compared to sub-6 GHz only methods.
    • Demonstrated increase in raw 360° tile transmission with higher mmWave data rates or increased edge/user computing power.
    • The proposed system offers substantially lower system latency (2.5-4.5x) for equivalent immersion fidelity.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel VR system effectively addresses the challenges of streaming high-resolution 360° video in a mobile multi-user environment.
    • The hybrid sub-6 GHz and mmWave approach, combined with edge computing, significantly enhances VR immersion and reduces latency.
    • This technology shows promise for future immersive mobile VR applications requiring high fidelity and responsiveness.