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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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The Effect of Multiple Factors on Working Memory Capacities: Aging, Task Difficulty, and Training.

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    Aging impacts brain functional networks, reducing working memory (WM) differentiation. Training benefits younger individuals more, while the elderly show specific alpha and theta band activity changes linked to WM load and performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Science
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive tasks but its capacity is limited.
    • While age, task difficulty, and training influence WM, their effects on brain functional networks are not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate aging-related changes in working memory (WM) by examining brain functional networks.
    • To explore the interplay between age, task difficulty, training, and WM network dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from 25 healthy elderly and 23 young volunteers during a visual WM task with varying difficulty levels.
    • Graph theoretical analysis applied to EEG data across alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands.
    • WM training implemented across experimental sessions to assess its impact and retention.

    Main Results:

    • Physiological aging leads to less differentiated brain functional networks.
    • An inverse relationship between alpha activity and WM load was observed in the elderly but not the young.
    • Theta band activity correlated with performance in trained elderly individuals; training was more effective in the young.
    • The right parietal lobe and beta band were identified as crucial for WM training in the elderly and overall WM, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging alters brain functional network connectivity, impacting WM.
    • Training effects on WM differ significantly between young and elderly individuals.
    • Specific frequency bands (alpha, theta, beta) and brain regions (right parietal lobe) play distinct roles in age-related WM mechanisms and training.