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Mitigating circumstance information, censure, and aggression.

T E Johnson, B G Rule

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Learning about mitigating circumstances before an insult reduces anger and aggression. Knowing this information afterward has less impact, suggesting timing is crucial for managing workplace conflict and emotional responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Attribution Theory

    Background:

    • Understanding the psychological factors influencing aggression is crucial for managing interpersonal conflict.
    • Attribution theory suggests that how individuals interpret events impacts their emotional and behavioral responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of the timing of mitigating circumstance information on anger and aggression following provocation.
    • To examine how social censure conditions influence aggression when mitigating information is presented before or after an insult.

    Main Methods:

    • One hundred male participants were exposed to an insult (or not) and received mitigating circumstance information either before or after the incident.
    • Participants then had an opportunity to deliver aversive noise to the provoker under high or low social censure conditions.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Physiological arousal, self-report measures of annoyance, and aggression data were collected.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants who received mitigating information before the insult showed significantly lower physiological arousal and reported less annoyance.
    • Learning about mitigation beforehand led to more favorable evaluations of the provoker and less retaliation.
    • The timing of information acquisition critically influenced the interpretation of harm and subsequent aggressive behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitigating circumstance information is most effective in reducing anger and aggression when known prior to the provoking incident.
    • The timing of information influences cognitive appraisal, impacting the instigation to aggression.
    • Post-provocation information may be less effective due to a shift in attentional focus towards inhibitory factors for aggression.