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Updated: Aug 4, 2025
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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
Published on: April 23, 2021
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Patterns and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus
Sudha Raghunath1,2, Yifat Glikmann-Johnston3, Fabien B Vincent1
1Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Summary
Cognitive dysfunction is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affecting nearly half of individuals. This dysfunction is highly variable, with distinct patterns observed across patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Rheumatology
- Autoimmune Diseases
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
- Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent yet poorly understood complication in SLE patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and patterns of cognitive dysfunction in SLE.
- To compare cognitive performance between SLE patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a 1-hour conventional neuropsychological test battery for 95 SLE patients and 48 healthy controls.
- Defined cognitive impairment using standard deviations from the control group.
- Employed cluster analysis to identify patterns of cognitive dysfunction.
Main Results:
- SLE patients showed significantly poorer performance across all cognitive tests compared to controls.
- Verbal fluency, working memory, and attention were the most affected domains.
- Nearly half (49%) of SLE patients exhibited impairment in at least two cognitive domains; cluster analysis revealed two patient groups: impaired and preserved cognition.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent and heterogeneous in SLE.
- Findings support a binary definition for cognitive dysfunction in SLE.
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