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Tuberculosis in Poland in 2020
Maria Korzeniewska-Koseła1, Stefan Wesołowski2
1Department of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute.
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|April 5, 2023
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Poland significantly decreased by 36.7% in 2020, a decline not seen in two decades. Poland also reported higher bacteriological confirmation rates and lower multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) percentages compared to EU/EEA countries.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating ongoing surveillance and analysis of epidemiological trends.
- Understanding the specific epidemiology of TB in Poland and its comparison with European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
- The year 2020 presented unique circumstances potentially impacting disease patterns due to global events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the primary epidemiological features of tuberculosis (TB) in Poland during 2020.
- To compare the TB situation in Poland with that of other European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.
- To identify trends and variations in TB incidence, drug resistance, and demographic distribution within Poland.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of case-based data from the National TB Register for 2020.
- Inclusion of data on anti-TB drug susceptibility, mortality statistics from 2019, and information on HIV-positive individuals with TB.
- Utilized data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and WHO reports for comparative analysis.
Main Results:
- Poland reported 3,388 TB cases in 2020, with an incidence rate of 8.8 per 100,000 population, showing significant regional variability.
- A notable 36.7% decrease in TB incidence was observed compared to 2019, the largest decline in two decades.
- Pulmonary TB constituted 95.5% of cases, with bacteriological confirmation in 79.5% and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in 1.6% of cases with known drug sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- The substantial decrease in TB incidence in Poland in 2020 is a significant public health achievement.
- Poland demonstrated higher bacteriological confirmation rates and a lower proportion of MDR-TB compared to EU/EEA averages.
- Higher TB incidence was observed in older age groups and in men, with migration having a limited impact on the overall TB pattern in 2020.
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